Bile can build up in the gallbladder if gallstones obstruct the bile ducts. Biliary disease (cholecystitis, cholangitis, choledocholithiasis). The majority of patients with acalculous cholecystitis have multiple risk factors . Home Page: Clinical Radiology Colic refers to the type of pain that "comes and goes," typically after eating a large, fatty meal which causes contraction of the gallbladder. The Pre-Operative Assessment Hernia Cholecystitis Pain usually lasts from 15 minutes to a few hours. Cholecystitis Grade III AC was not indicated for straightforward laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap-C). The Pre-Operative Assessment More than 25 million people in the United States have gallstones. Cholecystitis is defined as inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of an obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis. Acute Cholecystitis Age over 40. Due to an increase in the hormone estrogen. Others, like a person’s age or family history, can’t be changed. It can lead to fever, pain, nausea, and severe complications. Each issue is carefully selected to provide a combination of high quality original research, informative editorials and state-of-the-art reviews. Elevations of lipase due to diseases other than pancreatitis tend to be under three times the upper-limit normal. 1,2 GC is a severe complication of cholelithiasis. Pathophysiology & Clinical Presentation – Correct ... What Are Gallstones Or Cholelithiasis? Causes, Symptoms ... Pain usually lasts from 15 minutes to a few hours. However, the pain is usually constant and not colicky. Women under 40 are at much greater risk of developing gallstones than men, due to the actions of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Different cancers have different risk factors. In this article, we shall look at the … The primary risk factor for the development of cholecystitis is the presence of cholelithiasis. Risk factors. Outcomes of contemporary management of gangrenous and non-gangrenous acute cholecystitis. Biliary colic, also known as symptomatic cholelithiasis, a gallbladder attack or gallstone attack, is when a colic (sudden pain) occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the cystic duct. Abdominal ultrasound provides effective diagnostic imaging. Biliary colic, also known as symptomatic cholelithiasis, a gallbladder attack or gallstone attack, is when a colic (sudden pain) occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the cystic duct. Colic refers to the type of pain that "comes and goes," typically after eating a large, fatty meal which causes contraction of the gallbladder. Complications. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy represents definitive treatment for symptomatic patients. Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder. Each issue is carefully selected to provide a combination of high quality original research, informative editorials and state-of-the-art reviews. Some risk factors for developing cholelithiasis are female gender, obesity, taking oral contraceptives, individuals over forty years of age, consuming a high-fat diet, and having a sedentary lifestyle (Zakko, S. & Afdhal, N., 2018b). Acalculous cholecystitis results from gallbladder stasis and ischemia, which then cause a local inflammatory response in the gallbladder wall. Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder. Risk factors for acute gangrenous cholecystitis in emergency general surgery patients. We propose a new flowchart for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18). Cholecystitis can lead to a number of serious complications, including: Infection within the gallbladder. Very high lipase values are more specific for a diagnosis of pancreatitis. Following analysis of subsequent clinical investigations and drawing on Big Data in particular, TG18 … Introduction. Mok KW, Reddy R, Wood F, et al. More than 25 million people in the United States have gallstones. 4. It can lead to fever, pain, nausea, and severe complications. Acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) has a high incidence in the general population. Typically, the pain is in the right upper part of the abdomen, and can be severe. Risk factors include: Being female; Pregnancy; Hormone therapy; Older age; Being Native American or Hispanic; Obesity; Losing or gaining weight rapidly; Diabetes ; Sometimes, the bile duct becomes blocked temporarily. Risk factors include: being female, older age (over 40), Native American or Mexican American descent, pregnant, obesity, and family history. Very high lipase values are more specific for a diagnosis of pancreatitis. 3,4 Factors such as male sex, advanced age, delayed surgery, leukocytosis, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and diabetes mellitus (DM) increase the likelihood of … Women under 40 are at much greater risk of developing gallstones than men, due to the actions of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Treatment of this disease is primarily surgical, involving removal of … The answers are C, D, E, G, H and I. Cholelithiasis is the formation of gallstones. Risk Factors Of Gallstones Or Cholelithiasis. In some cases, specific primary infections predispose to acalculous cholecystitis . Heparin therapy (through activation of lipoprotein lipase). Treatment of this disease is primarily surgical, involving removal of … Having gallstones is the main risk factor for developing cholecystitis. Obstruction of some type: Cholelithiasis “gallstones”: main cause Risk factors: woman, obese, older, family history, pregnant, Native American or Mexican American; Or any other type of obstruction in the gallbladder where bile … Acute cholecystitis is the medical term for an inflamed or irritated gallbladder. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral. People with liver diseases. You have a higher chance of getting cholecystitis if you: Are a woman older than 50; Are a man older than 60; Are overweight; Have diabetes Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder. Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones impacted in the cystic duct. 3,4 Factors such as male sex, advanced age, delayed surgery, leukocytosis, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and diabetes mellitus (DM) increase the likelihood of … Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones impacted in the cystic duct. Others, like a person’s age or family history, can’t be changed. Causes of Cholecystitis. It is typically the result of gallstones that block bile (called acute cholecystitis) or less commonly, without gallstones (called acalculous cholecystitis). Pregnancy. It normally happens because a gallstone gets stuck at the opening of the gallbladder. Risk factors for acute gangrenous cholecystitis in emergency general surgery patients. Ninety percent of cases involve stones in the cystic duct (ie, calculous cholecystitis), with the other 10% of cases representing acalculous cholecystitis. The pre-operative assessment is an opportunity to identify co-morbidities that may lead to patient complications during the anaesthetic, surgical, or post-operative period.Patients scheduled for elective procedures will generally attend a pre-operative assessment 2-4 weeks before the date of their surgery. Cholecystitis Risk Factors. Predisposition to hernias is genetic and occur more often in certain families. You have a higher chance of getting cholecystitis if you: Are a woman older than 50; Are a man older than 60; Are overweight; Have diabetes Nikfarjam M, Niumsawatt V, Sethu A, et al. Due to an increase in the hormone estrogen. A patient is being … Common risk factors include older age, female sex and pregnancy, obesity, rapid weight loss, drugs, and a family history. Causes of Cholecystitis. If bile builds up within your gallbladder, causing cholecystitis, the bile may become infected. The Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis, international practice guidelines for the management of patients with acute cholangitis and cholecystitis 1 have been reviewed and revised along with other parts of the therapy for the patients with acute cholangitis and cholecystitis 2-6.This paper … Risk factors include: being female, older age (over 40), Native American or Mexican American descent, pregnant, obesity, and family history. Other types of hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias. Some risk factors, like smoking, can be changed. The WSES president appointed four members as a scientific secretariat, … Bourikian S, Anand RJ, Aboutanos M, et al. Some people are more at risk for gallstones. Complications. Each issue is carefully selected to provide a combination of high quality original research, informative editorials and state-of-the-art reviews. In this article, we shall look at the … It normally happens because a gallstone gets stuck at the opening of the gallbladder. Introduction. Crohn's disease; Prolonged fasting Updated July 12, 2018. Age over 40. Risk of developing calculus of gallbladder with acute cholecystitis Gallstones and acute cholecystitis share many of the same risk factors, such as: high-fat diet Some people are more at risk for gallstones. Different cancers have different risk factors. What are the causes and risks factors of cholecystitis? Fortunately, for most people, gallstones are "silent" — they don't cause major symptoms. Being female; Metabolic syndrome like diabetes or hypertension. Cholecystitis is defined as inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of an obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis. Biliary colic is a common presentation of a stone in the cystic duct or common bile duct of the biliary tree. Am J Surg 2015; 210:730. Various types of hernias can occur, most commonly involving the abdomen, and specifically the groin. Acute cholecystitis is the medical term for an inflamed or irritated gallbladder. Cholecystitis . Risk factors include older age, female sex, obesity, weight loss, and pregnancy. Having gallstones is the main risk factor for developing cholecystitis. Risk of developing calculus of gallbladder with acute cholecystitis Gallstones and acute cholecystitis share many of the same risk factors, such as: high-fat diet The presence of several areas of uncertainty, along with the availability of new evidence, prompted the current update of the 2016 WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) Guidelines on ACC. HPB (Oxford) 2011; 13:551. Outcomes of contemporary management of gangrenous and non-gangrenous acute cholecystitis. Acute cholecystitis is the medical term for an inflamed or irritated gallbladder. The answers are C, D, E, G, H and I. Cholelithiasis is the formation of gallstones. Grade III AC was not indicated for straightforward laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap-C). Colic refers to the type of pain that "comes and goes," typically after eating a large, fatty meal which causes contraction of the gallbladder. Nikfarjam M, Niumsawatt V, Sethu A, et al. Cholecystitis is defined as inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of an obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis. The answers are C, D, E, G, H and I. Cholelithiasis is the formation of gallstones. Often, it occurs after eating a heavy meal, or during the night. 3,4 Factors such as male sex, advanced age, delayed surgery, leukocytosis, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and diabetes mellitus (DM) increase the likelihood of … Renal failure. The primary risk factor for the development of cholecystitis is the presence of cholelithiasis. Risk of developing calculus of gallbladder with acute cholecystitis Gallstones and acute cholecystitis share many of the same risk factors, such as: high-fat diet The risk factors predisposing to gallstone formation include obesity, diabetes mellitus, estrogen and pregnancy, hemolytic diseases, and cirrhosis. Cholecystitis . The majority of patients with acalculous cholecystitis have multiple risk factors . Birth control pills and pregnancy are factors that increase the risk for gallstones. The majority of patients with acalculous cholecystitis have multiple risk factors . Bile can build up in the gallbladder if gallstones obstruct the bile ducts. Common risk factors include older age, female sex and pregnancy, obesity, rapid weight loss, drugs, and a family history. Often, it occurs after eating a heavy meal, or during the night. Renal failure. Acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) has a high incidence in the general population. Symptoms Acute cholecystitis is a painful condition that leads to chronic cholecystitis. When they do act up, there are effective ways to address the problem. The presence of several areas of uncertainty, along with the availability of new evidence, prompted the current update of the 2016 WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) Guidelines on ACC. Risk factors include: Being female; Pregnancy; Hormone therapy; Older age; Being Native American or Hispanic; Obesity; Losing or gaining weight rapidly; Diabetes ; Sometimes, the bile duct becomes blocked temporarily. Fortunately, for most people, gallstones are "silent" — they don't cause major symptoms. Risk factors for cholecystitis mirror those for cholelithiasis and include increasing age, female sex, certain ethnic groups, obesity or rapid weight loss, drugs, and pregnancy. Following analysis of subsequent clinical investigations and drawing on Big Data in particular, TG18 … A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones impacted in the cystic duct. Cholecystitis Risk Factors. Women under 40 are at much greater risk of developing gallstones than men, due to the actions of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. Having gallstones is the main risk factor for developing cholecystitis. Mok KW, Reddy R, Wood F, et al. Due to an increase in the hormone estrogen. Acalculous cholecystitis results from gallbladder stasis and ischemia, which then cause a local inflammatory response in the gallbladder wall. Pain usually lasts from 15 minutes to a few hours. In some cases, specific primary infections predispose to acalculous cholecystitis . Biliary colic, also known as symptomatic cholelithiasis, a gallbladder attack or gallstone attack, is when a colic (sudden pain) occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the cystic duct. Risk factors for acute gangrenous cholecystitis in emergency general surgery patients. Gallstones are by far the most common cause of acute cholecystitis. It can lead to fever, pain, nausea, and severe complications. Biliary disease (cholecystitis, cholangitis, choledocholithiasis). Outcomes of contemporary management of gangrenous and non-gangrenous acute cholecystitis. The WSES president appointed four members as a scientific secretariat, four … Mok KW, Reddy R, Wood F, et al. Death of gallbladder tissue. Bourikian S, Anand RJ, Aboutanos M, et al. Death of gallbladder tissue. The Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis, international practice guidelines for the management of patients with acute cholangitis and cholecystitis 1 have been reviewed and revised along with other parts of the therapy for the patients with acute cholangitis and cholecystitis 2-6.This paper provides … A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Risk factors. If bile builds up within your gallbladder, causing cholecystitis, the bile may become infected. Although bile cultures are positive for bacteria in 50%-75% of cases, bacterial proliferation may be a result of cholecystitis and not the precipitating factor. When this occurs repeatedly, it can lead to long-term (chronic) cholecystitis. Abdominal ultrasound provides effective diagnostic imaging. 4. Abdominal ultrasound provides effective diagnostic imaging. Crohn's disease; Prolonged fasting Stones (calculi) are made up of cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, or a mixture caused by changes in the bile composition.Gallstones can develop in the common bile duct, the cystic duct, hepatic duct, small bile duct, and pancreatic duct. Death of gallbladder tissue. Stones (calculi) are made up of cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, or a mixture caused by changes in the bile composition.Gallstones can develop in the common bile duct, the cystic duct, hepatic duct, small bile duct, and pancreatic duct. Renal failure. Gangrenous cholecystitis (GC) is defined as necrosis and perforation of the gallbladder wall as a result of ischemia following progressive vascular insufficiency. Risk factors for cholecystitis mirror those for cholelithiasis and include increasing age, female sex, certain ethnic groups, obesity or rapid weight loss, drugs, and pregnancy. Although bile cultures are positive for bacteria in 50%-75% of cases, bacterial proliferation may be a result of cholecystitis and not the precipitating factor. What are the causes and risks factors of cholecystitis? More than 25 million people in the United States have gallstones. Heparin therapy (through activation of lipoprotein lipase). The Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis, international practice guidelines for the management of patients with acute cholangitis and cholecystitis 1 have been reviewed and revised along with other parts of the therapy for the patients with acute cholangitis and cholecystitis 2-6.This paper … What are the causes and risks factors of cholecystitis? Biliary colic is a common presentation of a stone in the cystic duct or common bile duct of the biliary tree. A patient is being transferred to … Acute calculus cholecystitis (ACC) has a high incidence in the general population. Li X, Guo X, Ji H, Yu G, Gao P. Gallstones in patients with chronic liver diseases . Nikfarjam M, Niumsawatt V, Sethu A, et al. Typically, the pain is in the right upper part of the abdomen, and can be severe. It is typically the result of gallstones that block bile (called acute cholecystitis) or less commonly, without gallstones (called acalculous cholecystitis). Crohn's disease; Prolonged fasting Risk factors include: being female, older age (over 40), Native American or Mexican American descent, pregnant, obesity, and family history. Often, it occurs after eating a heavy meal, or during the night. We propose a new flowchart for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18). 1,2 GC is a severe complication of cholelithiasis. Some of the risk factors for gallstones may include: Obesity; Genetic or history of gallstones in the family. The pre-operative assessment is an opportunity to identify co-morbidities that may lead to patient complications during the anaesthetic, surgical, or post-operative period.Patients scheduled for elective procedures will generally attend a pre-operative assessment 2-4 weeks before the date of their surgery. A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Causes of Cholecystitis. When this occurs repeatedly, it can lead to long-term (chronic) cholecystitis. A patient is being transferred to … 4. Risk Factors Of Gallstones Or Cholelithiasis. Grade III AC was not indicated for straightforward laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap-C). People with liver diseases. Cholecystitis Risk Factors. 1,2 GC is a severe complication of cholelithiasis. Some risk factors for developing cholelithiasis are female gender, obesity, taking oral contraceptives, individuals over forty years of age, consuming a high-fat diet, and having a sedentary lifestyle (Zakko, S. & Afdhal, N., 2018b). Symptoms Acute cholecystitis is a painful condition that leads to chronic cholecystitis. Fortunately, for most people, gallstones are "silent" — they don't cause major symptoms. HPB (Oxford) 2011; 13:551. Cholecystitis is associated with debilitation, major traumatic stress (injury, sepsis, major surgery), diabetes, sickle cell disease, and HIV infection. Risk factors for cholecystitis mirror those for cholelithiasis and include increasing age, female sex, certain ethnic groups, obesity or rapid weight loss, drugs, and pregnancy. The primary risk factor for the development of cholecystitis is the presence of cholelithiasis. Gangrenous cholecystitis (GC) is defined as necrosis and perforation of the gallbladder wall as a result of ischemia following progressive vascular insufficiency. Some risk factors, like smoking, can be changed. The risk factors predisposing to gallstone formation include obesity, diabetes mellitus, estrogen and pregnancy, hemolytic diseases, and cirrhosis. Introduction. When they do act up, there are effective ways to address the problem. Some risk factors, like smoking, can be changed. The presence of several areas of uncertainty, along with the availability of new evidence, prompted the current update of the 2016 WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) Guidelines on ACC. Although bile cultures are positive for bacteria in 50%-75% of cases, bacterial proliferation may be a result of cholecystitis and not the precipitating factor. Ninety percent of cases involve stones in the cystic duct (ie, calculous cholecystitis), with the other 10% of cases representing acalculous cholecystitis. Risk factors include older age, female sex, obesity, weight loss, and pregnancy. In some cases, specific primary infections predispose to acalculous cholecystitis . Biliary colic is a common presentation of a stone in the cystic duct or common bile duct of the biliary tree. Typically, the pain is in the right upper part of the abdomen, and can be severe. Very high lipase values are more specific for a diagnosis of pancreatitis. Bile can build up in the gallbladder if gallstones obstruct the bile ducts. Symptoms Acute cholecystitis is a painful condition that leads to chronic cholecystitis. Updated July 12, 2018. Gallstones are by far the most common cause of acute cholecystitis. Complications. HPB (Oxford) 2011; 13:551. Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder. A risk factor is anything that affects your chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Age over 40. Clinical Oncology is essential reading for all those with an active interest in the treatment of cancer.Its multidisciplinary approach allows readers to keep up-to-date with developments in their own as well as related fields. When they do act up, there are effective ways to address the problem. Risk factors include: Being female; Pregnancy; Hormone therapy; Older age; Being Native American or Hispanic; Obesity; Losing or gaining weight rapidly; Diabetes ; Sometimes, the bile duct becomes blocked temporarily. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy represents definitive treatment for symptomatic patients. Cholecystitis can lead to a number of serious complications, including: Infection within the gallbladder. Am J Surg 2015; 210:730. In this article, we shall look at the components of an effective … Bourikian S, Anand RJ, Aboutanos M, et al. Clinical Oncology is essential reading for all those with an active interest in the treatment of cancer.Its multidisciplinary approach allows readers to keep up-to-date with developments in their own as well as related fields. Elevations of lipase due to diseases other than pancreatitis tend to be under three times the upper-limit normal. Different cancers have different risk factors. Being female; Metabolic syndrome like diabetes or hypertension. Risk factors for gallbladder cancer. It normally happens because a gallstone gets stuck at the opening of the gallbladder. Cholecystitis is associated with debilitation, major traumatic stress (injury, sepsis, major surgery), diabetes, sickle cell disease, and HIV infection. Some of the risk factors for gallstones may include: Obesity; Genetic or history of gallstones in the family. Heparin therapy (through activation of lipoprotein lipase). Biliary disease (cholecystitis, cholangitis, choledocholithiasis). When this occurs repeatedly, it can lead to long-term (chronic) cholecystitis. Stones (calculi) are made up of cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, or a mixture caused by changes in the bile composition.Gallstones can develop in the common bile duct, the cystic duct, hepatic duct, small bile duct, and pancreatic duct. We propose a new flowchart for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18). Gangrenous cholecystitis (GC) is defined as necrosis and perforation of the gallbladder wall as a result of ischemia following progressive vascular insufficiency. Cholecystitis is associated with debilitation, major traumatic stress (injury, sepsis, major surgery), diabetes, sickle cell disease, and HIV infection. Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder. Risk factors. Pregnancy. Others, like a person’s age or family history, can’t be changed. However, the pain is usually constant and not colicky. Common risk factors include older age, female sex and pregnancy, obesity, rapid weight loss, drugs, and a family history. Obstruction of some type: Cholelithiasis “gallstones”: main cause Risk factors: woman, obese, older, family history, pregnant, Native American or Mexican American; Or any other type of obstruction in the gallbladder where bile … Laparoscopic cholecystectomy represents definitive treatment for symptomatic patients. A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. The WSES president appointed four members as a scientific secretariat, … Following analysis of subsequent clinical investigations and drawing on Big Data in particular, TG18 … You have a higher chance of getting cholecystitis if you: Are a woman older than 50; Are a man older than 60; Are overweight; Have diabetes Various types of hernias can occur, most commonly involving the abdomen, and specifically the groin. However, the pain is usually constant and not colicky. Ninety percent of cases involve stones in the cystic duct (ie, calculous cholecystitis), with the other 10% of cases representing acalculous cholecystitis. People with liver diseases. Some risk factors for developing cholelithiasis are female gender, obesity, taking oral contraceptives, individuals over forty years of age, consuming a high-fat diet, and having a sedentary lifestyle (Zakko, S. & Afdhal, N., 2018b). Am J Surg 2015; 210:730. Cholecystitis can lead to a number of serious complications, including: Infection within the gallbladder. If bile builds up within your gallbladder, causing cholecystitis, the bile may become infected. Risk factors include older age, female sex, obesity, weight loss, and pregnancy. Treatment of this disease is primarily surgical, involving removal of … Birth control pills and pregnancy are factors that increase the risk for gallstones. The risk factors predisposing to gallstone formation include obesity, diabetes mellitus, estrogen and pregnancy, hemolytic diseases, and cirrhosis. Clinical Oncology is essential reading for all those with an active interest in the treatment of cancer.Its multidisciplinary approach allows readers to keep up-to-date with developments in their own as well as related fields. Other types of hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias. Pregnancy. Risk factors for the development of a hernia include smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease and previous open appendectomy, among others. Elevations of lipase due to diseases other than pancreatitis tend to be under three times the upper-limit normal. Some of the risk factors for gallstones may include: Obesity; Genetic or history of gallstones in the family. Some people are more at risk for gallstones. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral. Obstruction of some type: Cholelithiasis “gallstones”: main cause Risk factors: woman, obese, older, family history, pregnant, Native American or Mexican American; Or any other type of obstruction in the gallbladder where bile can’t flow out … The pre-operative assessment is an opportunity to identify co-morbidities that may lead to patient complications during the anaesthetic, surgical, or post-operative period.Patients scheduled for elective procedures will generally attend a pre-operative assessment 2-4 weeks before the date of their surgery. Being female; Metabolic syndrome like diabetes or hypertension. Risk Factors Of Gallstones Or Cholelithiasis. Birth control pills and pregnancy are factors that increase the risk for gallstones. Acalculous cholecystitis results from gallbladder stasis and ischemia, which then cause a local inflammatory response in the gallbladder wall. 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